| 翻訳と辞書 |
Ziya Gökalp
Mehmed Ziya Gökalp (23 March 1876 – 25 October 1924) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and political activist. After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution that reinstated constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire, he adopted the pen name Gökalp ("sky hero"), which he retained for the rest of his life. As a sociologist, Ziya Gökalp was influential in the negation of Islamism, pan-Islamism, and Ottomanism as ideological, cultural, and sociological identifiers. In a 1936 publication, sociologist Niyazi Berkes described Gökalp as "the real founder of Turkish sociology, since he was not a mere translator or interpreter of foreign sociology."
Gökalp's work was particularly influential in shaping the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; his influence figured prominently in the development of Kemalism, and its legacy in the modern Republic of Turkey.〔Parla, Taha. ''The Social and Political Thought of Ziya Gokalp''. 1980, page 7.〕 Influenced by contemporary European thought, particularly by the sociological view of Émile Durkheim,〔(), Turkay Salim Nefes, 'Ziya Gökalp’s adaptation of Émile Durkheim's sociology in his formulation of the modern Turkish nation' ''International Sociology'' May 2013 vol. 28 no. 3 335-350.〕 Gökalp rejected Ottomanism and Islamism in favor of Turkish nationalism.〔Moaddel, Mansoor. ''Islamic Modernism, Nationalism, and Fundamentalism''. 2005, page 157.〕 He advocated a re-Turkification of the Ottoman Empire, by promoting Turkish language and culture to all Ottoman citizenry. His thought, which popularized Pan-Turkism and Turanism, has been described as a "cult of nationalism and modernization".〔Erickson, Edward J. ''Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War''. Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn., 2001, p. 97〕 His nationalist ideals espoused a de-identification with Ottoman Turkey's nearby Arab neighbors, in lieu of a supernational Turkish (or pan-Turkic) identity with "a territorial Northeast-orientation () Turkic peoples".〔Kinloch, Graham Charles and Mohan, Raj P. ''Genocide: Approaches, Case Studies, and Responses''. 2005, page 50.〕
==Early life==
Mehmed Ziya was born in Çermik in the Diyarbekir Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire on 23 March 1876. He was of Kurdish or Zaza〔Naci Kutay, ''İttihat Terakki ve Kürtler'', Koral Yayınevi, 1991, ISBN 978-975-8245-69-7, p. 38.〕〔(Sabine Adatepe, "„Das osmanische Muster“: Das frühe Ideal des M. Ziya' (Gökalp) anhand ausgewählter Artikel in der Wochenschrift ''Peyman'' " in Hendrik Fenz, ''Strukturelle Zwänge- persönliche Freiheiten: Osmanen, Türken, Muslime: Reflexionen zu gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen. Gedenkband zu ehren Petra Kapperts, Walter de Gruyter, 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-020055-3, p. 31. )〕 descent. Diyarbakır Province was a "cultural frontier", having been ruled by Arabs and Persians until the 16th century, and featuring "conflicting national traditions" among the local populations of Turks, Kurds, and Armenians.〔Parla, Taha. ''The Social and Political Thought of Ziya Gökalp''. 1980, page 10.〕 This cultural environment has often been suggested to have informed his sense of national identity; later in his life, when political detractors suggested that he was of Kurdish extraction, Gökalp responded that while he was certain of patrilineal Turkish racial heritage, this was insignificant: "I learned through my sociological studies that nationality is based solely on upbringing."〔 Some historians nonetheless characterize him as being of Kurdish origin.〔Kaya, Ibrahim. ''Social Theory and Later Modernities: The Turkish Experience''. 2004, page 61.〕
After attending secondary school in Diyarbakır, he settled in Istanbul, in 1896. There, he attended veterinary school and became involved in underground revolutionary politics, for which he served ten months in prison.〔Parla, Taha. ''The Social and Political Thought of Ziya Gokalp''. 1980, page 12.〕 He developed relationships with many figures of the revolutionary underground in this period, abandoned his veterinary studies, and became a member of the underground revolutionary group, the Society of Union and Progress.〔 The revolutionary currents of Constantinople at the time were extremely varied; the unpopularity of the Abdul Hamid II regime had by this time awakened diverse revolutionary sentiment in Constantinople.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Ziya Gökalp」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|